LAMP installations (Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP) are a popular setup for Ubuntu servers

1).https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/lamp-applications

2).https://phoenixnap.com/kb/how-to-install-lamp-stack-on-ubuntu

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LAMP Applications Overview

LAMP installations (Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP/Perl/Python) are a popular setup for Ubuntu servers. There is a plethora of Open Source applications written using the LAMP application stack. Some popular LAMP applications are Wiki’s, Content Management Systems, and Management Software such as phpMyAdmin.

One advantage of LAMP is the substantial flexibility for different database, web server, and scripting languages. Popular substitutes for MySQL include PostgreSQL and SQLite. Python, Perl, and Ruby are also frequently used instead of PHP. While Nginx, Cherokee and Lighttpd can replace Apache.

The fastest way to get started is to install LAMP using tasksel. Tasksel is a Debian/Ubuntu tool that installs multiple related packages as a co-ordinated “task” onto your system. To install a LAMP server:

At a terminal prompt enter the following command:

sudo tasksel install lamp-server

After installing it you’ll be able to install most LAMP applications in this way:

• Download an archive containing the application source files.

• Unpack the archive, usually in a directory accessible to a web server.

• Depending on where the source was extracted, configure a web server to serve the files.

• Configure the application to connect to the database.

• Run a script, or browse to a page of the application, to install the database needed by the application.

• Once the steps above, or similar steps, are completed you are ready to begin using the application.

A disadvantage of using this approach is that the application files are not placed in the file system in a standard way, which can cause confusion as to where the application is installed. Another larger disadvantage is updating the application. When a new version is released, the same process used to install the application is needed to apply updates.

Fortunately, a number of LAMP applications are already packaged for Ubuntu, and are available for installation in the same way as non-LAMP applications. Depending on the application some extra configuration and setup steps may be needed, however.

This section covers how to install some LAMP applications.

phpMyAdmin

phpMyAdmin is a LAMP application specifically written for administering MySQL servers. Written in PHP, and accessed through a web browser, phpMyAdmin provides a graphical interface for database administration tasks.

Installation

Before installing phpMyAdmin you will need access to a MySQL database either on the same host as that phpMyAdmin is installed on, or on a host accessible over the network. For more information see MySQL documentation. From a terminal prompt enter:

sudo apt install phpmyadmin

At the prompt choose which web server to be configured for phpMyAdmin. The rest of this section will use Apache2 for the web server.

In a browser go to http://servername/phpmyadmin, replacing servername with the server’s actual hostname. At the login, page enter root for the username, or another MySQL user, if you have any setup, and enter the MySQL user’s password.

Once logged in you can reset the root password if needed, create users, create/destroy databases and tables, etc.

Configuration

The configuration files for phpMyAdmin are located in /etc/phpmyadmin. The main configuration file is /etc/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php. This file contains configuration options that apply globally to phpMyAdmin.

To use phpMyAdmin to administer a MySQL database hosted on another server, adjust the following in /etc/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php:

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = 'db_server';

Note

Replace db_server with the actual remote database server name or IP address. Also, be sure that the phpMyAdmin host has permissions to access the remote database.

Once configured, log out of phpMyAdmin and back in, and you should be accessing the new server.

The config.header.inc.php and config.footer.inc.php files in /etc/phpmyadmin directory are used to add a HTML header and footer to phpMyAdmin.

Another important configuration file is /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf, this file is symlinked to /etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf, and, once enabled, is used to configure Apache2 to serve the phpMyAdmin site. The file contains directives for loading PHP, directory permissions, etc. From a terminal type:

sudo ln -s /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf /etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf
sudo a2enconf phpmyadmin.conf
sudo systemctl reload apache2.service

For more information on configuring Apache2 see this documentation.

References

• The phpMyAdmin documentation comes installed with the package and can be accessed from the phpMyAdmin Documentation link (a question mark with a box around it) under the phpMyAdmin logo. The official docs can also be access on the phpMyAdmin site.

• Another resource is the phpMyAdmin Ubuntu Wiki page.

WordPress

Wordpress is a blog tool, publishing platform and CMS implemented in PHP and licensed under the GNU GPLv2.

Installation

To install WordPress, run the following comand in the command prompt:

    sudo apt install wordpress

You should also install apache2 web server and mysql server. For installing apache2 web server, please refer to Apache2 documentation. For installing mysql server, please refer to MySQL documentation.

Configuration

For configuring your first WordPress application, configure an apache site. Open /etc/apache2/sites-available/wordpress.conf and write the following lines:

        Alias /blog /usr/share/wordpress
        <Directory /usr/share/wordpress>
            Options FollowSymLinks
            AllowOverride Limit Options FileInfo
            DirectoryIndex index.php
            Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
        </Directory>
        <Directory /usr/share/wordpress/wp-content>
            Options FollowSymLinks
            Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
        </Directory>
           

Enable this new WordPress site

    sudo a2ensite wordpress

Once you configure the apache2 web server and make it ready for your WordPress application, you should restart it. You can run the following command to restart the apache2 web server:

sudo systemctl reload apache2.service

To facilitate multiple WordPress installations, the name of this configuration file is based on the Host header of the HTTP request. This means that you can have a configuration per VirtualHost by simply matching the hostname portion of this configuration with your Apache Virtual Host. e.g. /etc/wordpress/config-10.211.55.50.php, /etc/wordpress/config-hostalias1.php, etc. These instructions assume you can access Apache via the localhost hostname (perhaps by using an ssh tunnel) if not, replace /etc/wordpress/config-localhost.php with /etc/wordpress/config-NAME_OF_YOUR_VIRTUAL_HOST.php.

Once the configuration file is written, it is up to you to choose a convention for username and password to mysql for each WordPress database instance. This documentation shows only one, localhost, example.

Now configure WordPress to use a mysql database. Open /etc/wordpress/config-localhost.php file and write the following lines:

<?php
define('DB_NAME', 'wordpress');
define('DB_USER', 'wordpress');
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'yourpasswordhere');
define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');
define('WP_CONTENT_DIR', '/usr/share/wordpress/wp-content');
?>

Now create this mysql database. Open a temporary file with mysql commands wordpress.sql and write the following lines:

CREATE DATABASE wordpress;
CREATE USER 'wordpress'@'localhost'
IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpasswordhere';
GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,DROP,ALTER
ON wordpress.*
TO wordpress@localhost;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Execute these commands.

cat wordpress.sql | sudo mysql --defaults-extra-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf

Your new WordPress can now be configured by visiting http://localhost/blog/wp-admin/install.php. (Or http://NAME_OF_YOUR_VIRTUAL_HOST/blog/wp-admin/install.php if your server has no GUI and you are completing WordPress configuration via a web browser running on another computer.) Fill out the Site Title, username, password, and E-mail and click Install WordPress.

Note the generated password (if applicable) and click the login password. Your WordPress is now ready for use.

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How To Install The LAMP Stack On Ubuntu 18.04

What is the LAMP Stack?

The LAMP stack is a set of open-source software used for web application development. For a web application to work, it has to include an operating system, a web server, a database, and a programming language. Each layer of software is vital for creating a database-driven and dynamic website.

The name LAMP is an acronym of the following programs:

• Linux Operating System
• Apache HTTP Server
• MySQL database management system
• PHP programming language

The layering of the LAMP stack

It is critical to install each component of the stack separately and in a specific order. Here is a step-by-step tutorial on how to install the LAMP Stack on Ubuntu 18.04.

Prerequisites

• Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver
• Ubuntu user with sudo privileges
• Access to a terminal/command line
• The apt-get tool, pre-loaded in Ubuntu and other Debian-based distros.

Installing LAMP Stack on Ubuntu

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Note: This article presumes that you already have installed the Linux operating system and will not include the process for it.

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Step 1: Update Package Repository Cache

Before you begin:

1. Open the terminal either by using the CTRL+ALT+T keyboard shortcut or by searching for the word terminal in Ubuntu Dash.

Select the Terminal Icon, as in the image below.

2. Make sure to update the package repository cache to ensure it installs the latest versions of the software. To do so, type in the following command:

sudo apt-get update

Step 2: Install Apache

1. To install Apache, run the following command in the terminal:

sudo apt-get install apache2

Press y (yes) and hit ENTER to permit the installation.

2. Check if Apache is installed correctly by running the Apache service status. Use the following the command:

sudo service apache2 status

If everything installed correctly, you will receive this output:

3. Next, make sure that the UFW firewall has an application profile for Apache by typing in the following command:

sudo ufw app list

In the Apache Full profile, make sure it allows the traffic on ports 80 and 443. Check this by typing the command:

sudo ufw app info “Apache Full”

You will see the output as in the following image:

4. To ensure Apache is running, enter the IP address of your server in the address bar and press ENTER.

The test Apache web server page should display as below.

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Note: To identify the server’s public IP address, run the command:

sudo apt-get install curl

curl http://icanhazip.com

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Step 3: Install MySQL and Create a Database

To install MySQL, type in the following command:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

Press y to allow the installation.
During the installation, you will be prompted to set the root user password.

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Note: Although it is not mandatory to set the root password, it is recommended as a precautionary safety measure.

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Step 4: Install PHP

1. To install PHP, run the following command:

sudo apt-get install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql 

Press y and ENTER to allow the installation.

2. Next, you should modify the way Apache serves files when directories are requested. By default, Apache first looks for a file card named index.html. However, we want it to look for the index.php file instead.

To change this, open the dir.conf file in a text editor with root privileges:

sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dir.conf

In the configuration file, you will see the information as in the image below:

Then, move the PHP index file to the first position:

3. Press CTRL + X to save and close the file. Press y and ENTER to confirm.

Step 5: Restart Apache

For the changes to take effect, you must restart the Apache service.

Enter the command:

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Optional: Install PHP Modules

You can add more modules to improve the functionality of PHP. You can search through a variety of libraries and modules by piping (listing in chunks) the results of the apt-cache search into less, allowing to scroll through the output of other commands.

1.  Type in the following command:

apt-cache search php- | less

2. Once you open it, scroll up and down by using the arrow keys to see all the options, including a short description for each module.

For example, to find out what the module php-cli does, type:

apt-cache show php-cli

This command displays the description of the module. If you decide to install the package after viewing its description, you can do so by using the following command:

sudo apt-get install php-cli

3. When you finish, press q to quit.

Step 6: Test PHP Processing on Web Server

1. Create a basic PHP script and save it to the “web root” directory. This is necessary for Apache to find and serve the file correctly. This directory is located at /var/www/html/.

To create a file in that directory, type in the following command:

sudo nano /var/www/html/info.php

This command opens the bank file.

2. Inside the file, type in the valid PHP code:

<?php
phpinfo ();
?>

3. Press CTRL + X to save and close the file. Press y and ENTER to confirm.

4. Open a browser and type in your IP address/info.php
The output should display the details of the LAMP stack, as seen in the image below:

Conclusion

By following this guide, you successfully installed each layer of software required to build the LAMP stack on Ubuntu 18.04.

With it, you have everything necessary for web application development.